When the end leakage flux or end leakage inductance cannot be ignored in a permanent magnet (PM) machine (e. g. a PM machine with a short axial length). the analysis of the machine is a time-consuming three-dimensional (3-D) issue. https://www.roneverhart.com/HP-Victus-15-FA0031DX-15-6-FHD-IPS-Gaming-Laptop-Intel-Core-i5-12450H-3-3-GHz-GeForce-GTX-1650-8GB-DDR4-RAM-512GB-SSD/