Thermal-induced spalling is a typical failure behavior of concrete materials exposed to high temperatures. This study uses Abaqus to establish a numerical model of concrete material comprising aggregates and mortar matrix. Cohesive elements considering heat conduction are embedded into this numerical model to simulate the thermal-induced explosive spalling failure process of the concr... https://www.spidertattooz.com/The-GelBottle-Inc-BIAB-Gel-Polish-Spirited-67oz-p17706/